Polity

The Constituent Assembly adopted the Indian Constitution on 26th November 1949 and it came into effect on 26th of January 1950.The Constitution of India has borrowed most of its provisions from various Constitutions of the countries as well as from the Government of India Act of 1935.

The Constituent Assembly adopted the Indian Constitution on 26th November 1949 and it came into effect on 26th of January 1950.The Constitution of India has borrowed most of its provisions from various Constitutions of the countries as well as from the Government of India Act of 1935.

The Indian Constitution is unique for many outstanding features. Though the Indian Constitution is borrowed from all the known constitutions of the world, and most of its provisions are substantially taken from others. But it has several salient features that distinguish it from other constitutions of the world.

In 1934, for the first time the idea of a constituent Assembly for India was put forward by M. N. Roy, who was a pioneer of the communist movement in India. In 1935, for the first time the Indian National Congress (INC) officially demanded a Constituent Assembly to frame the constitution of India.

The Britishers came to India as traders in 1600 in the form of the East India Company. The East India Company had rights of trading in India under a Charter granted by Queen Elizabeth I. In the second half of the 18th century, the Company continued to be primarily a trading business.

In 1857, a mutiny rose against the British East India Company. After the mutiny, in 1858 the constitutional system underwent great changes as the Company was obliged to transfer its power to the British Crown, which assumed direct responsibility for the governance of India.

There are many Regulating Acts and Charter Acts between 1773 and 1858,which were enforced by the East India Company. These acts are discussed in detail in this chapter.

The Britishers came to India as traders in 1600 in the form of the East India Company, which had the right of trading in India under a charter granted by Queen Elizabeth I (who was herself a shareholder of the Company).